Hobuste Soolebakteriaalsed Infektsioonid

2024 Autor: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Viimati modifitseeritud: 2023-12-17 03:07

Endotokseemia hobustel

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X-MITTE

X-MITTE

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Endotoksiinide esinemist veres nimetatakse endotokseemiaks. Need toksiinid on tavaliselt tingitud teatud tüüpi bakterite olemasolust hobuse soolestikus, mis on rikkunud sooleseina ja sattunud vereringesse. Kui endotokseemiat ei ravita kohe, võib see põhjustada šokki, laminiiti ja surma. Seda seisundit täheldatakse nii täiskasvanud hobustel kui ka vastsündinud varssadel.

Sümptomid

Nagu varem öeldud, võib endotokseemia põhjustada šokki, täpsemalt endotoksilist šokki. See on äärmiselt ohtlik seisund, mis põhjustab kiiret halvenemist ja põhjustab surma, kui ravi ei alustata kohe. Selle seisundi sümptomiteks on:

• Depressioon
• Letargia
• Dehüdratsioon
• Anoreksia
• Äge kõhulahtisus
• Pulsisageduse tõus (st üle 80 löögi minutis)
• Tumelilla limaskestad
• Koolikulaadsed sümptomid (nt kõhuvalu, puhitus, gaasid)
• Palavik, millele järgneb ebanormaalselt madal temperatuur

Haiguse progresseerumisel võib hobusel tekkida laminiit - valulik ja kurnav kabjahaigus, mis põhjustab kabja seina ja kabjas oleva luu eraldumist.

Põhjus

Endotokseemia põhjus on toksiin nimega lipopolüsahhariid (LPS), mis esineb gramnegatiivsete bakterite rakuseintes. Mõni tüüpi gramnegatiivsed bakterid on loomulikult sooleflooras ja ei põhjusta mingit kahju, kui hobune pole mingil muul põhjusel haige ning need bakterid hakkavad liigselt paljunema ja seejärel sooleseina rikkuma, sattudes seeläbi vereringesse. Kui need bakterid surevad, purunevad nende rakuseinad, vabastades LPS vereringesse ja põhjustades endotokseemiat. E. coli, Salmonella ja Enterobacter on tavalised gramnegatiivsed bakterid, mis põhjustavad endotokseemiat.

Mõned välistavad seisundid, mis võivad põhjustada endotokseemia arengut, on järgmised:

• Limaskesta barjääri kahjustus soolestikus
• Peensoole põletik
• Keeratud soolestik
• Koliit (stressist tingitud raske soolehaigus)
• Äge metriit (nakkusest tingitud emaka raske põletik, tavaliselt peetunud platsentast)
• Varssade naba nakatumine
• Ternespiima ebapiisav allaneelamine varssadel

Diagnoos

Hobustel tekib teise tõsise haiguse tõttu sekundaarne endotokseemia ja need loomad on juba väga haiged ja tõenäoliselt juba haiglas. Endotokseemiat diagnoositakse kliiniliste tunnuste ja mõnikord hobuse vere bakterikultuuri abil.

Ravi

Endotokseemia korral tuleb hobuseid edukalt ravida viivitamatult. On mitmeid ravikuure ja toetavat ravi, sealhulgas intensiivsed antibiootikumid, IV vedeliku ravi, mis aitab säilitada vedelikku ja toetada kardiovaskulaarsüsteemi, ning mittesteroidsete põletikuvastaste ravimite (NSAID) nagu fluniksiin meglumiin (banamiin) manustamine, mis aitab hobuse valu vastu, kontrollib põletikku ja neutraliseerib endotoksiini. Mõnikord kasutatakse ka plasmaülekandeid.

Elamine ja juhtimine

Endotokseemia on äärmiselt ohtlik seisund ja isegi agressiivset ravi saavad juhtumid ei pruugi taastuda. Lisaks võib endotokseemia põhjustada muid probleeme, näiteks laminiiti (kabja põletik), mis võib olla kurnav. Prognoos on äärmiselt kaitstud endotokseemia korral.